Objective To investigate the invasions of bedbugs and other disease vectors on an entry ship and to evaluate the results of disinsection. Methods The bedbugs and other disease vectors on an entry ship from abroad were investigated by visual observation and the collected specimens were identified. The introduced bedbugs and other disease vectors on the ship were killed by either residual spray, space spray or slit spraying with 0.5% Malathion water solution. Poisonous baits for cockroaches were put in the cabins at the same time. The results of disinsection were assessed. Results More than 300 specimens of bedbugs were collected in crews cabins and considered Cimex hemipterus (Fabricius, 1803). The mean densities of bedbugs were 180 bedbugs per man-hour collection and 300 bedbugs per square meter. Seventeen other species of disease vectors, including cockroaches, mosquitoes and flies were also collected on board. The result of disinsection was found 100% after treatment. Conclusion It is recommended to enhance quarantine inspection on entry ships. For the entry ships invaded by bedbugs and other disease vectors, comprehensive insecticide application should be adopted according to the type of vectors and their habitats.

【Abstract】 Objective  To investigate molecular epidemiological characteristics of Hantavirus(HV) isolated from Shandong province. Methods A total of 48 lung tissues positive to HV antigens detected by immunofluorescence technique were amplified by RT?PCR with HV specific primers and the products were sequenced. The PCR products were analyzed in homology and phylogenetics with the known HV. Results Partial SEO S and M fragments were amplified from 15 HV antigen?positive Rattus norvegicus, and 10 strains of HV isolated were SEO. The nucleotide sequence homology of S segments was more than 96.3%, and the deduced amino acid sequence (exclude JN5?153S and DY1S) homology was more than 96.8%. The homology of M segments among those 10 strains of hantanviruses and ZB8 isolated in Shandong province was more than 97.5%, and the deduced amino acid sequence homologies were 98.6%-100%. Conclusion The HV isolated in Shandong province are mainly SEO?3 subtype. The nucleotide homology of SEO type of HV in the same or nearby area is higher and the viruses are highly conserved.

Objective To find out the distribution and the correlation of introduced mosquitoes and microclimate factors on entry international ships,and provide technical supports for the surveillance and control of the introduced mosquitoes at seaports.Methods The places where the mosquitoes dwelled in the ships were investigated,and the microclimate factors including temperatures,relative humidity and wind speeds were measured at quarantine anchorage of Qinhuangdao port,and the data was analyzed.Results 168 entry ships were checked from April to October 2005.The positive rate of entry ships carried the introduced mosquitoes was 64.28%(108/168).The introduced mosquitoes appeared when the temperature exceeded 15 ℃ at the early of May,and it basically disappeared when the temperature was under 15 ℃ at the mid-ten days of October.There was the positive correlation between the densities of introduced mosquitoes and the temperature and the relative humidity.Mosquito could not fly when the wind speed was higher than 3 m/s.Conclusion It showed that the introduced mosquitoes population on entry ships was close relationship with the microclimate factors especially temperature and humidity.So it was advised the surveillance and control of the introduced mosquitoes carried by entry ships from abroad should be carried out properly.

Objective To find out the distribution of introduced mosquitoes on entry international ships, and to further provide technical supports for the surveillance and control of the introduced mosquitoes at seaports. Methods The places where the mosquitoes dwelled in the ships were investigated at quarantine anchorage of Qinhuangdao port, and the results were analyzed. Results 168 entry ships were investigated from April to October 2005. Of which, there were introduced mosquitoes in 108 entry ships and the positive rate was 64.28%(108/168). The mosquitoes mostly inhabited in the location outside of the ships' accommodations, such as under 1 m wall surfaces of afterpeak deck, cargo holds and accommodations circumambience that was shady and windless. Conclusion It showed the distribution feature of introduced mosquitoes in the entry ships, which coincide with the optimum microclimate of mosquitoes. So it is advised the surveillance and control of the introduced mosquitoes carried by entry ships from abroad should be carried out properly.

Objective The conditions of Ceratopogonidae carried by entry international ocean ships were determined. Methods The midge specimens were collected from accommodation of entry ships at anchorage, and classified. Results 35 specimens, 3 genera of midges were collected from an entry ships on 24 ^th, January 2007, which came from Australia via India, including a new species, Alluaudomyia maculiabdominis sp. nov. identified. Conclusion It proved that lots of species of Ceratopodonidae could be imported from abroad by entry international ocean ships again.

Objective To determine the station of introduced mosquitoes carried by entry international ships which came from west nile fever(WNF) infected areas.Methods To collect and classify the introduced mosquitoes on entry international ships which came from WNF infected areas at quarantine anchorage of Qinhuangdao port.Results 13 entry ships were checked between 2001-2005,which came from USA and Canada.The average rate of mosquito positive ships was 84.62%(11/13).6 species of mosquitoes were identified and Culex modestus Ficalbi, Cx.pipiens pallens Coquillett,and Cx.tritaeniorhynchus Giles,were the dominant mosquito species found,which were known as the main vector species spreading West Nile virus.Conclusion The truth and high risk of introduced mosquitoes carried by entry international ships which came from WNF infectious areas were proved and more attention should be paid to it.

Objective To investigate the condition of mosquitos of entry international ocean ships for control.Methods Collecting and classifying the mosquitoes on entry international ocean ships in the quarantine anchorage.Results There were 82 of 107 ships on which mosquitoes were found and the positive rate of ship was 76.64%.13 species mosquitoes were recognized and Cx.modestus,Cx.bitaeniorhynchus and Ae.dorsalis were the dominant species.Conclusion The investigation results showed that the situation of exotic mosquitoes on entry international ocean ships was very serious.